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Coordinates: twoscore°45′41.viii″Due north 73°58′39.4″W  /  40.761611°N 73.977611°W  / 40.761611; -73.977611

Art museum in Manhattan, New York City

Museum of Modernistic Art
Museum of Modern Art logo.svg
MoMa NY USA 1.jpg
Established November 7, 1929; 92 years ago  (1929-11-07)
Location eleven West 53rd Street
Manhattan, New York City
Type Art museum
Visitors 706,060 (2020)[one]
Director Glenn D. Lowry
Public transit access Subway: Fifth Avenue/53rd Street ("E" train​"M" train trains)
Omnibus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M10, M20, M50, M104
Website www.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an fine art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York Urban center, on 53rd Street betwixt Fifth and Sixth Avenues.

It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is oftentimes identified as one of the largest and most influential museums of modernistic fine art in the world.[two] MoMA'south collection offers an overview of mod and gimmicky art, including works of architecture and design, cartoon, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and artist's books, film, and electronic media.[iii]

The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than 1,000 periodical titles, and more than than 40,000 files of ephemera about individual artists and groups.[4] The athenaeum hold primary source textile related to the history of mod and contemporary fine art.[5]

It attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of 60-five percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked twenty-5th on the list of nigh visited art museums in the globe in 2020.[6]

History [edit]

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–1939) [edit]

The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was developed in 1929 primarily past Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (married woman of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.[seven] They became known variously as "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies".[8] [9] They rented small-scale quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan,[eight] and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash.[10] Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the former president of the lath of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it was America'south premier museum devoted exclusively to modern art, and the starting time of its kind in Manhattan to exhibit European modernism.[11] One of Rockefeller's early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American lensman Soichi Sunami (at that time all-time known for his portraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum as its official documentary photographer from 1930 until 1968.[12] [thirteen]

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to join him as founding trustees. Sachs, the acquaintance manager and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, was referred to in those days as a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a manager and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising young protégé. Under Barr'southward guidance, the museum'south holdings quickly expanded from an initial gift of viii prints and 1 drawing. Its outset successful loan exhibition was in Nov 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Seurat.[14]

First housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the 12th floor of Manhattan'due south Heckscher Building,[15] on the corner of 5th Avenue and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more temporary locations within the next ten years. Abby Rockefeller's husband, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was doggedly opposed to the museum (equally well equally to modern fine art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to exist obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Nevertheless, he somewhen donated the land for the current site of the museum, plus other gifts over fourth dimension, and thus became in effect ane of its greatest benefactors.[xvi]

During that time the museum initiated many more than exhibitions of noted artists, such as the lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on Nov iv, 1935. Containing an unprecedented sixty-six oils and fifty drawings from holland, every bit well as poignant excerpts from the artist's messages, information technology was a major public success due to Barr'due south organisation of the exhibit, and became "a precursor to the agree van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination".[17]

53rd Street (1939–present) [edit]

1930s to 1950s [edit]

The museum too gained international prominence with the hugely successful and now famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–40, held in conjunction with the Art Constitute of Chicago. In its range of presented works, it represented a pregnant reinterpretation of Picasso for future art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso as the greatest artist of the time, setting the model for all the museum's retrospectives that were to follow.[xviii] Boy Leading a Horse was briefly contested over ownership with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.[19] In 1941, MoMA hosted the ground-breaking exhibition, "Indian Fine art of the Us" (curated by Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt), that changed the way Native American arts were viewed past the public and exhibited in fine art museums.

The entrance to The Museum of Modern Art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected by the board of trustees to go its president, in 1939, at the historic period of 30; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime number instigator and funding source of MoMA's publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller, also joined the museum'due south board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency, when Nelson was elected Governor of New York, in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted builder Philip Johnson to redesign the museum garden and name information technology in honor of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in full general have retained a close association with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of former senator Jay Rockefeller) sit down on the board of trustees.[ citation needed ] After the Rockefeller Guest House at 242 Eastward 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the business firm until 1964.[20] [21]

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Fourth dimension-Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and current home, at present renovated, designed in the International Style past the modernist architects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Rock, opened to the public on May 10, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with an opening accost via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[22]

1958 fire [edit]

On Apr 15, 1958, a burn down on the second floor destroyed an eighteen-foot (5.5 m) long Monet Water Lilies painting (the electric current Monet Water Lilies was acquired shortly later on the fire every bit a replacement). The fire started when workmen installing air-conditioning were smoking near pigment cans, sawdust, and a canvass dropcloth. One worker was killed in the fire and several firefighters were treated for smoke inhalation. Nearly of the paintings on the floor had been moved for the structure although large paintings including the Monet were left. Fine art work on the third and 4th floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Art, which abutted information technology on the 54th Street side. Among the paintings that were moved was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which had been on loan by the Art Institute of Chicago. Visitors and employees above the burn down were evacuated to the roof then jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse.[23]

1960–1982 [edit]

In 1969, the MoMA was at the center of a controversy over its determination to withdraw funding from the iconic anti-war poster And babies. In 1969, the Art Workers Coalition (AWC), a group of New York Urban center artists who opposed the Vietnam War, in collaboration with Museum of Modernistic Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest poster chosen And babies.[24] The poster uses an image by photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references the My Lai Massacre. The Museum of Modern Fine art (MoMA) had promised to fund and circulate the affiche, simply afterwards seeing the 2 by 3 foot poster MoMA pulled financing for the projection at the last infinitesimal.[25] [26] MoMA's Lath of Trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William South. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hitting the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the poster.[25] The poster was included shortly thereafter in MoMA's Information exhibition of July ii to September 20, 1970, curated past Kynaston McShine.[27] Another controversy involved Pablo Picasso's painting Boy Leading a Horse (1905–06), donated to MoMA by William Southward. Paley in 1964. The status of the work every bit being sold under duress past its German Jewish owners in the 1930s was in dispute. The descendants of the original owners sued MoMA and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which has some other Picasso painting, Le Moulin de la Galette (1900), once owned by the same family unit, for return of the works.[28] Both museums reached a confidential settlement with the descendants earlier the example went to trial and retained their respective paintings.[19] [29] [thirty] Both museums had claimed from the outset to exist the proper owners of these paintings, and that the claims were illegitimate. In a joint statement the two museums wrote: "nosotros settled simply to avert the costs of prolonged litigation, and to ensure the public continues to have access to these important paintings."[31]

1980–1999 [edit]

Stairs in the Museum of Modern Art

Cantankerous-section of the Museum of Modern Fine art

In 1983, the Museum more doubled its gallery and increased curatorial department by 30 per centum, and added an auditorium, two restaurants and a bookstore in conjunction with the construction of the 56-story Museum Tower adjoining the museum.[32]

In 1997, the museum undertook a major renovation and expansion designed by Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi with Kohn Pedersen Fox. The project, including an increase in MoMA'southward endowment to cover operating expenses, cost $858 million in full. The project nearly doubled the infinite for MoMA'southward exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet (59,000 m2) of infinite. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Edifice on the western portion of the site houses the main exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Educational activity and Research Building provides space for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher grooming workshops, and the museum'due south expanded Library and Athenaeum. These two buildings frame the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was enlarged from its original configuration.

21st century [edit]

The museum was closed for two years in connection with the renovation and moved its public-facing operations to a temporary facility chosen MoMA QNS in Long Island Urban center, Queens. When MoMA reopened in 2004, the renovation was controversial. Some critics thought that Taniguchi's design was a fine case of gimmicky architecture, while many others were displeased with aspects of the design, such as the flow of the space.[33] [34] [35] In 2005, the museum sold land that information technology owned west of its existing building to Hines, a Texas real estate developer, under an agreement that reserved space on the lower levels of the building Hines planned to construct there for a MoMA expansion.[36]

In 2011, MoMA acquired an adjacent building constructed and occupied past the American Folk Art Museum on West 53rd Street. The building was a well-regarded structure designed by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connection with a financial restructuring of the Folk Art Museum.[37] When MoMA announced that it would demolish the building in connection with its expansion, there was outcry and considerable discussion nearly the issue, only the museum ultimately proceeded with its original plans.[38]

The Hines building, designed by Jean Nouvel and called 53W53, received construction approval in 2014.[39] Around the time of Hines' construction approval, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which encompass space in 53W53, as well equally structure on the former site of the American Folk Art Museum.[40] The expansion program was developed past the compages firm Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. The first stage of construction began in 2014. In June 2017, patrons and the public were welcomed into MoMA to see the completion of the get-go phase of the $450 million expansion to the museum.[41]

Spread over 3 floors of the fine art mecca off Fifth Avenue are 15,000 square-feet (well-nigh ane,400 foursquare-meters) of reconfigured galleries, a new, second gift shop, a redesigned cafe and espresso bar and, facing the sculpture garden, ii lounges graced with black marble quarried in France.[41]

The museum expansion project increased the publicly accessibly infinite by 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi building was completed in 2004.[42] The expansion allowed for even more of the museum'southward drove of nearly 200,000 works to be displayed.[41] The new spaces too allow visitors to relish a relaxing sit-down in one of the two new lounges, or even accept a fully catered meal.[41] The 2 new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge".[41] [43] The goal of this renovation is to help expand the collection and brandish of piece of work past women, Latinos, blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities.[44] In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving away from separating the collection by disciplines such as painting, design and works on paper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the collection.[42]

The Museum of Modern Art airtight for another round of major renovations from June to October 2019.[44] [45] Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 square anxiety (4,400 m2) of gallery space,[46] and its total floor area was 708,000 square anxiety (65,800 yard2).[47] The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural business firm of Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[48] The institution began offering complimentary online classes in April 2014.[49]

Exhibition houses [edit]

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which take reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

  • 1949: exhibition firm past Marcel Breuer
  • 1950: exhibition house by Gregory Ain[50]
  • 1955: Japanese Exhibition Business firm by Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA in 1957–58 and known now as Shofuso Japanese Business firm and Garden
  • 2008: Prefabricated houses planned[51] [52] [53] by:
    • Kieran Timberlake Architects
    • Lawrence Sass
    • System Architects: Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
    • Leo Kaufmann Architects
    • Richard Horden

Artworks [edit]

Claude Monet, Reflections of Clouds on the Water-Lily Swimming, c.1920

Considered by many to have the all-time drove of mod Western masterpieces in the earth, MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 individual pieces in addition to approximately 22,000 films and 4 million film stills. (Access to the collection of film stills concluded in 2002, and the collection is mothballed in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania.[54]) The collection houses such important and familiar works as the following:

  • Francis Bacon, Painting (1946)
  • Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises
  • Paul Cézanne, The Bather
  • Marc Chagall, I and the Village
  • Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love
  • Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory
  • Max Ernst, Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale
  • Paul Gauguin, Te aa no areois (The Seed of the Areoi)
  • Albert Gleizes, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, 1914
  • Jasper Johns, Flag
  • Frida Kahlo, Cocky-Portrait With Cropped Hair
  • Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl
  • René Magritte, The Empire of Lights
  • René Magritte, False Mirror
  • Kazimir Malevich, White on White 1918
  • Henri Matisse, The Trip the light fantastic
  • Jean Metzinger, Landscape, 1912–1914
  • Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie
  • Claude Monet, Water Lilies triptych
  • Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk
  • Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic and Sublime)
  • Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
  • Jackson Pollock, One: Number 31, 1950
  • Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910
  • Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
  • Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night
  • Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
  • Andrew Wyeth, Christina's World

Selected collection highlights [edit]

Information technology too holds works by a wide range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Aristide Maillol, Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, René Magritte, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and hundreds of others.

MoMA adult a world-renowned art photography drove get-go under Edward Steichen (1947–1961) and so under Steichen'due south manus-picked successor John Szarkowski (1962–1991), which included photos by Todd Webb.[55] The department was founded past Beaumont Newhall in 1940.[56] Nether Szarkowski, it focused on a more traditionally modernist approach to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques.

Film [edit]

In 1932, museum founder Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the but great art form peculiar to the twentieth century" to "the American public which should appreciate good films and back up them". Museum Trustee and moving-picture show producer John Hay Whitney became the first chairman of the Museum's Film Library from 1935 to 1951. The collection Whitney assembled with the assist of pic curator Iris Barry was so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Motility Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the Museum with an honor "for its significant piece of work in collecting films ... and for the first time making bachelor to the public the means of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the movement moving picture as i of the major arts".[57]

The first curator and founder of the Picture show Library was Iris Barry, a British film critic and author, whose three decades of pioneering work in collecting films and presenting them in coherent artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the cinema equally the major new fine art form of our century. Barry and her successors have built a collection comprising some eight thousand titles today, concentrating on assembling an outstanding collection of the important works of international film art, with emphasis existence placed on obtaining the highest-quality materials.[58]

The exiled film scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA film archive on a psychological history of High german film between 1941 and 1943. The upshot of his study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Moving-picture show (1947), traces the birth of Nazism from the cinema of the Weimar Commonwealth and helped lay the foundation of modern film criticism.

Under the Museum of Modern Art Section of Film, the film collection includes more 25,000 titles and ranks as i of the earth's finest museum archives of international film art. The section owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but its holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol's eight-hour Empire, Fred Halsted's gay pornographic L.A. Plays Itself (screened before a capacity audience on April 23, 1974), various TV commercials, and Chris Cunningham's music video for Björk'southward All Is Full of Love.

Library [edit]

The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Isle City, Queens. The not-circulating collection documents modern and gimmicky fine art including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, film, operation, and compages from 1880–present. The collection includes 300,000 books, one,000 periodicals, and xl,000 files about artists and artistic groups. At that place are over 11,000 artist books in the collection.[59] The libraries are open up by appointment to all researchers. The library'south catalog is called "Dadabase".[4] Dadabase includes records for all of the material in the library, including books, artist books, exhibition catalogs, special collections materials, and electronic resources.[4] The Museum of Mod Fine art's collection of artist books includes works by Ed Ruscha, Marcel Broodthaers, Susan Bee, Carl Andre, and David Horvitz.[sixty]

Additionally, the library has subscription electronic resources along with Dadabase. These include journal databases (such as JSTOR and Fine art Total Text), sale results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet), the ARTstor image database, and WorldCat wedlock catalog.[59]

Architecture and blueprint [edit]

MoMA'due south Department of Architecture and Design was founded in 1932[61] every bit the starting time museum department in the world dedicated to the intersection of architecture and design.[62] The department's kickoff manager was Philip Johnson who served every bit curator betwixt 1932–34 and 1946–54.[63] The next departmental head was Arthur Drexler, who was curator from 1951 to 1956 and then served every bit caput until 1986.[64]

The collection consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings and photographs.[61] One of the highlights of the collection is the Mies van der Rohe Archive.[62] It as well includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright,[65] [66] [67] [68] Paul László, the Eameses, Betty Cooke, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-adjustment brawl bearing to an entire Bong 47D1 helicopter. In 2012, the department acquired a pick of 14 video games, the basis of an intended collection of 40 that is to range from Pac-Human being (1980) to Minecraft (2011).[69]

Management [edit]

Omnipresence [edit]

MoMA attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of threescore-five pct from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked xx-5th on the Listing of most visited art museums in the world in 2020.[6]

MoMA has seen its average number of visitors rise from near 1.5 1000000 a twelvemonth to two.v million after its new granite and glass renovation. In 2009, the museum reported 119,000 members and 2.viii million visitors over the previous fiscal year. MoMA attracted its highest-ever number of visitors, 3.09 million, during its 2010 fiscal twelvemonth;[lxx] however, attendance dropped xi percent to 2.8 million in 2011.[71] Attendance in 2016 was two.eight million, downwards from 3.1 million in 2015.[72]

The museum was open every day since its founding in 1929, until 1975, when it closed one solar day a week (originally Wednesdays) to reduce operating expenses. In 2012, information technology once more opened every day, including Tuesday, the i 24-hour interval it has traditionally been closed.[73]

Admission [edit]

The Museum of Modern Art charges an admission fee of $25 per adult.[74] Upon MoMA's reopening, its admission cost increased from $12 to $20, making it one of the well-nigh expensive museums in the city. However, it has free entry on Fridays after 5:30pm, as part of the Uniqlo Gratuitous Friday Nights program. Many New York area college students also receive costless admission to the museum.[75]

Finances [edit]

A private non-profit organization, MoMA is the seventh-largest U.S. museum by budget;[76] its almanac revenue is about $145 1000000 (none of which is profit). In 2011, the museum reported internet assets (basically, a total of all the resources information technology has on its books, except the value of the art) of merely over $1 billion.

Unlike most museums, the museum eschews authorities funding, instead subsisting on a fragmented budget with a half-dozen dissimilar sources of income, none larger than a fifth.[77] Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA's board of trustees decided to sell its equities in social club to move into an all-greenbacks position. An $858 one thousand thousand upper-case letter campaign funded the 2002–04 expansion, with David Rockefeller donating $77 million in cash.[76] In 2005, Rockefeller pledged an boosted $100 1000000 toward the museum's endowment.[78] In 2011, Moody'southward Investors Service, a bond rating agency, rated $57 1000000 worth of new debt in 2010 with a positive outlook and echoed their Aa2 bail credit rating for the underlying institution. The bureau noted that MoMA has "superior financial flexibility with over $332 million of unrestricted financial resources", and has had solid omnipresence and tape sales at its retail outlets around the city and online. Some of the challenges that Moody'south noted were the reliance that the museum has on the tourist industry in New York for its operating acquirement, and a large amount of debt. The museum at the time had a 2.4 debt-to-operating revenues ratio, just information technology was also noted that MoMA intended to retire $370 million worth of debt in the next few years. Standard & Poor'south raised its long-term rating for the museum as it benefited from the fundraising of its trustees.[79] After construction expenses for the new galleries are covered, the Modern estimates that some $65 one thousand thousand will go to its $650 million endowment.

MoMA spent $32 1000000 to acquire fine art for the fiscal yr ending in June 2012.[80]

MoMA employed almost 815 people in 2007.[77] The museum's tax filings from the past few years propose a shift amid the highest paid employees from curatorial staff to management.[81] The museum's director Glenn D. Lowry earned $i.6 million in 2009[82] and lives in a rent-free $vi one thousand thousand apartment higher up the museum.[83]

MoMA was forced to close in March 2020 during the COVID-nineteen pandemic in New York City.[84] Citing the coronavirus shutdown, MoMA fired its art educators in April 2020.[85] In May 2020, information technology was reported that MoMA would reduce its almanac budget from $180 to $135 million starting July 1. Exhibition and publication funding was cutting by one-half, and staff reduced from around 960 to 800.[84]

Cardinal people [edit]

Officers and the board of trustees [edit]

Currently, the board of trustees includes 46 trustees and 15 life trustees. Fifty-fifty including the lath's 14 "honorary" trustees, who exercise not have voting rights and do non play equally direct a office in the museum, this amounts to an average individual contribution of more than $vii one thousand thousand.[81] The Founders Wall was created in 2004, when MoMA's expansion was completed, and features the names of actual founders in addition to those who gave significant gifts; about a half dozen names have been added since 2004. For example, Ileana Sonnabend'southward proper noun was added in 2012, even though she was merely fifteen when the museum was established in 1929.[86]

Board of trustees [edit]

Board of trustees:

  • Wallis Annenberg
  • Sid R. Bass
  • Lawrence B. Benenson
  • Leon D. Blackness
  • Clarissa Alcock Bronfman
  • Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
  • Edith Cooper
  • Paula Crown
  • David Dechman
  • Anne Dias-Griffin
  • Glenn Dubin
  • John Elkann
  • Laurence D. Fink
  • Kathleen Fuld
  • Howard Gardner
  • Mimi Haas
  • Alexandra A. Herzan
  • Marlene Hess
  • Jill Kraus
  • Marie-Josée Kravis
  • Ronald S. Lauder
  • Thomas H. Lee
  • Michael Lynne
  • Khalil Gibran Muhammad
  • Philip Southward. Niarchos
  • James G. Niven
  • Peter Norton
  • Maja Oeri
  • Michael Southward. Ovitz
  • David Rockefeller Jr.
  • Sharon Percy Rockefeller
  • Richard Due east. Salomon
  • Marcus Samuelsson
  • Anna Marie Shapiro
  • Anna Deavere Smith
  • Jerry I. Speyer
  • Ricardo Steinbruch
  • Daniel Sundheim
  • Alice Thousand. Tisch
  • Edgar Wachenheim Three
  • Gary Winnick

Directors [edit]

  • Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1929–1943)
  • No manager (1943–1949; the task was handled past the chairman of the museum'due south coordination committee and the director of the Curatorial Department)[87] [88]
  • Rene d'Harnoncourt (1949–1968)
  • Bates Lowry (1968–1969)
  • John Brantley Hightower (1970–1972)
  • Richard Oldenburg (1972–1995)
  • Glenn D. Lowry (1995–nowadays)

Chief curators [edit]

  • Philip Johnson, chief curator of architecture and design (1932–1934 and 1946–1954)
  • Arthur Drexler, chief curator of compages and design (1951–1956)
  • Peter Galassi, master curator of photography (1991–2011)[56] [89]
  • Cornelia Butler, chief curator of drawings (2006–2013)
  • Barry Bergdoll, chief curator of architecture and pattern (2007–2013)
  • Rajendra Roy, chief curator of moving-picture show (2007–present)
  • Ann Temkin, chief curator of painting and sculpture (2008–present)[ninety]
  • Klaus Biesenbach, director of MoMA PS1 and chief curator at large (2009–2018)
  • Sabine Breitwieser, chief curator of media and performance art (2010–2013)
  • Christophe Cherix, master curator of prints and illustrated books (2010–2013), drawings and prints (2013–nowadays)
  • Paola Antonelli, director of inquiry and development and senior curator of architecture and design (2012–present)
  • Quentin Bajac, chief curator of photography (2012–2018)
  • Stuart Comer, master curator of media and functioning fine art (2014–present)
  • Martino Stierli, chief curator of architecture and design (2015–nowadays)

Controversy [edit]

Women Artists Visibility Event (W.A.V.Eastward.) [edit]

On June 14, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Result (Due west.A.V.E.), a demonstration of 400 women artists, was held in front of the newly renovated Museum of Modern Art to protestation the lack of female representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Contempo Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; only xiv of which those were women.[91] [92]

Fine art repatriation issues [edit]

The MoMA has been involved in several claims initiated by families for artworks lost in the Holocaust which ended up in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art.[93]

In 2009, the heirs of High german artist George Grosz filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of 3 works by Grosz, and the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit demanding the return of the painting by Pablo Picasso, entitled Boy Leading a Equus caballus (1905–1906).[94] [95] [96]

In another case, after a decade long court fight, in 2015 the MoMA returned a painting entitled Sand Hills by German creative person Ernst Ludwig Kirchner to the Fischer family because it had been stolen by Nazis.[97]

Strike MoMA [edit]

Strike MoMA is a 2021 movement to strike the museum targeting what its supporters have chosen the "toxic philanthropy" of the museum's leadership.[98] [99]

See besides [edit]

  • Listing of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
  • List of most-visited museums in the United states of america
  • Dorothy Canning Miller
  • Sam Hunter
  • Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
  • Talk to Me (exhibition)
  • The Family of Homo exhibit (1955)
  • WikiProject MoMA

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ The Art Newspaper, List of most-visited museums in 2020, March 31, 2021
  2. ^ Kleiner, Fred Southward.; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). "The Development of Modernist Art: The Early 20th Century". Gardner's Fine art through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 796. ISBN978-0-4950-0478-3. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City is consistently identified every bit the institution most responsible for developing modernist fine art ... the almost influential museum of modern art in the world.
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Sources [edit]

  • Allan, Kenneth R. "Agreement Information", in Conceptual Fine art: Theory, Myth, and Practice. Ed. Michael Corris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Printing, 2004. pp. 144–168.
  • Barr, Alfred H; Sandler, Irving; Newman, Amy (Jan ane, 1986). Defining mod fine art: selected writings of Alfred H. Barr, Jr . New York: Abrams. ISBN0810907151.
  • Bee, Harriet South. and Michelle Elligott. Fine art in Our Time. A Chronicle of the Museum of Modern Fine art, New York 2004, ISBN 0-87070-001-iv.
  • Fitzgerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Fine art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
  • Geiger, Stephan. The Fine art of Aggregation. The Museum of Mod Art, 1961. Dice neue Realität der Kunst in den frühen sechziger Jahren, (Diss. Academy Bonn 2005), München 2008, ISBN 978-three-88960-098-1.
  • Harr, John Ensor and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Iii Generations of America'south Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
  • Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Adult female in the Family. New York: Random House, 1993.
  • Lynes, Russell, Expert Old Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Mod Art, New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
  • Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908–1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
  • Rockefeller, David (2003). Memoirs. New York: Random House. ISBN978-0812969733.
  • Schulze, Franz (June fifteen, 1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Piece of work. Chicago: Academy Of Chicago Printing. ISBN978-0226740584.
  • Staniszewski, Mary Anne (1998). The Power of Display. A History of Exhibition Installations at the Museum of Modern Fine art. MIT Press. ISBN978-0262194020.
  • Wilson, Kristina (2009). The Mod Eye: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Art of the Exhibition, 1925–1934. New Haven: Yale Academy Press. ISBN978-0300149166.
  • Lowry, Glenn D. (2009). The Museum of Modernistic Art in this Century. Museum of Modern Art. ISBN978-0870707643.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • MoMA Exhibition History List (1929–Nowadays)
  • MoMA Sound
  • MoMA's YouTube Channel
  • MoMA's gratuitous online courses on Coursera
  • MoMA Learning
  • MoMA Magazine
  • Jeffers, Wendy (November 2004). "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modern". Mag Antiques. 166 (55): 118. 14873617. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
  • " MoMA to Shut, Then Open up Doors to a More than Expansive View of Art" New York Times, 2019

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